<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Hungary<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> Hungary is still in the midst of a difficult transition from a command to a market economy. Its economic reforms during the Communist era gave it a head start on this process, particularly in terms of attracting foreign investors—Hungary has accounted for about half of all foreign direct investment in Eastern Europe since 1989. Nonetheless, the economy continued to contract in 1993, with real GDP falling perhaps 1%. Although the privatization process has lagged, in December 1993 Hungary carried out the largest privatization yet in Eastern Europe, selling a controlling interest in the Matav telecommunications firm to private investors—including a 30% share to a US-German consortium for $875 million. Overall, about half of GDP now originates in the private sector. Unemployment rose to about 13% in 1993 while inflation remained above 20%, and falling exports pushed the trade deficit to about $3 billion. The government hopes that economic recovery in Western Europe in 1994 will boost exports, lower the trade deficit, and help jump-start the economy. The budget, however, is likely to remain a serious concern; depressed tax revenue pushed up the budget deficit in 1993.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$57 billion (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> -1% (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $5,500 (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> including forestry, accounts for 15% of GDP and 16% of employment; highly diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops—wheat, corn, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets; livestock—hogs, cattle, poultry, dairy products; self-sufficient in food output
<item><hi format=bold>Illicit drugs:</hi> transshipment point for Southeast Asia heroin transiting the Balkan route
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> assistance pledged by OECD countries since 1989 about $9 billion